Automatic sizing device.



4 c. T. RA-ULE.

AUTOMATIC SIZING DEVICE.

' APPLICATION FILEDJULY 20. I915- Patented May15,1917.

2 SHEETS SHEET I.

C. T. RAULE.

AUTOMATIC SIZING DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 20, 1915.

Patented May15, 191?.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

CLIFFORD T. RAULE, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

AUTOMATIC SIZING- DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Ma 15, 1917.

'Application'flled July 20, 1915. Serial No. 40,832.

To all whom it may concern.

. vented a certain new and useful Automatic Sizing Device,'of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to grinding machines and hasfor its chief purposethe production of uniform diameter of the ground product,notwithstanding defects in the mechanical grinding machine.

A further purpose of my invention is to provide two feeds for a grindingwheel, one mechanical and the other capable of feeding in advancethereof and subject to electric control by reason of the diameter of thework.

A further purposeof my invention is to apply a magnetic pull to the feedof the grinding wheel, determined by the diameter of the work and solong as its diameter exceeds the diameter intended.

A further purpose of my invention is to continuously caliper the workand to close an electric circuit when the diameter exceeds thatintended, by which circuit the grinding operation is begun ormaintained.

A further purpose of my invention is to hold a grinding wheel againstthe forced feed provided therefor resiliently and to draw the grinderagainst the Work in opposition to the resilient means automatically whenthe required diameter has not yet been reached.

A further purpose of my invention is to provide varying strengths ofmagnetic pull where the intended diameter of the-material ground has notyet been reached, utilizing for rough or finished cut, as desired.

I further provide a take-up for the wear of the grinding wheel.

Further purposes of my invention will appear in the specification andthe claimshereof.

I have preferred to illustrate my invention .in connection with only oneexample of the exterior grinder and with but two of the interiorgrinder, selecting forms which are practical, eflicient and relativelyinexpensive and which at the same time well illustrate the principles ofmy invention.

Figure 1 is a vertical cross section through the table, showing apreferred form ofmy' invention. 1

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the structure shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a section showing the shaft and cahpers only and taken uponline 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a detail section upon line 44 of Fig. 1. Y

Fig. 5 is a side elevation, partly in section, showing the applicationof my invent1on to a straight internal grinder.

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are sections upon lines 66, 77 and 8 8, respectively.

' Fig. 9 is a side elevation, partly in section of my invention appliedto an oscillating head form of grinder.

Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts.

Describing the external grinder first: The bed 1 of the grinder is shownas supplied With longitudinal guides 2, 2 for the carriage 3, whosestandards 4 support, the shaft 5 to be ground.

The standards carry the adjustable dead center 6 and any suitabledriving pulley for the live or driving head 7. The carriage and shaftare moved along the guides 2, 2 by engagement of the feed screw 8 withthe nut 9, which is connected with the un'- der side of the carriagethrough slot 10.

This mechanism is old, and is'intended to. typify merely any means forsupporting,

standards 12, 12 upon a transversely mov able carriage 13 and is rotatedby means of a pulley .14. The grinding wheel is ordinarily not fedlongitudinally where the work is fed. Either may be fed longitudinallyof the shaft in the external form and in the first constructionillustrated. I have, therefore, not considered it necessary to makeprovision for such movement.

The bed is provided with transverse undercut guides 15 for the carriage13. This carriage is resiliently pulled rearwardly by aspring 16, heresecured to a pinbetween the standards at 17 at one end and to a post 18in the bed at thev other end. The bed isslotted transversely at 19 formovement of a depending bar 20 attached to the carriage, and the spring16 holds this bar normally against the'lug 21 u on a nut 22.

This nut is the cross forced feed of the wheel and may be fedtransversely to the axis of the shaft by of Fig. 5

eed nut for the travels in a ened.

. ering the feed screw 23 turned in bracket 24 by hand and to supportboth pivots upon a lazy tongs construction comprising strips 31, 32,

33, 34 whose upper and lower junctures sup- One end juncture 35 is thestandard 36 and the other 37- port the'two pivots. fixed upon slot 38and may be tightened by nut 39 to secure it against longitudinalmovement in the slot as seen in Fig. 4. The lazy tongs opens and closesabout the end pivot at 37 raising the upper pivot and lowlower pivot asthe two ends ap- Both the upper. and lower pivotal proach.

fixed when the nut 39 is tightpoints are In this Way the centers aboutwhich the arms 27 and 28 turn may readily be made to correspondapproximately to the diameter of the shaft which is being ground,securing parallelism as nearly as may be required between the extendededges 40 which are used to perform the immediate calipering function.These edges 40 are-intended to be .formed of any suitable very hardmineral orother hard substance which can rest upon the surface of theshaft indefinitely without becoming appreciably worn.

The are held reliably in contact with the sha t by the spring 41.

' The arms 27 and 28are-preferably made of strip material with the flatsides horizontal, in order to supply some resilience when the caliperingedges are spread by the shaft more than enough for the adjustablecontact pin 42 to touch a lower contact 43. Thisengagement of thecontacts closes an electric circuit through'rheostat 44, battery 45, anydesired resistance 46 and solenoid 47. The rheostat comprisesarm 48,coils 49 and terminals 50, with which the arm right of the erably longerthan the portions to the left makes contact. The solenoid winding isplaced upon a non-magnetizable spool 51.

The portions of the arms 27 and 28 to the pivot points in Fig. 1 arepref-' thereof, in order to enlarge the extent of movement of the endscarrying pin 42 and contact 43 to increasesthe delicacy of themechanism. The pin 42 is insulated from the arm 27 to preventshort-circuiting through the pivots and support.

27, 28. One of these arms the contact by which I raaaeee The solenoid 47is supported from the nut 22 by an arm 52so as to act upon and attract asolenoid core 53 upon the depending bar 20, with the purpose andfeflfectof tending to draw this paramagnetic core into the solenoid whenever theelectric circuit is closed, 1'. 6., whenever the diameter of the shaftexceeds that for which the calipers have been set and so long as thatcondition obtains. The pull upon the solenoid core is transmitted to thegrinding wheel as soon as it exceeds the counter pull of the spring 16,and may be made as great or subject to as much range and fineness ofadjustment as desired. This will depend, of course, upon many things,such as the strength of current available,

and number of divisions of the rheostat and may be predetermined withgreat nicety.

The position of the calipers or gage may be adjusted transversely of theshaft by screw 54 which moves the standard 36 upon the guides shown at55. In operation, the grinding wheel may be -used with the forced feedfor the rough grinding if desired. The gage is set by spacing thecaliper edges 40'or other measthe character of the solenoid, the sizeand shape of the core, the extent towhich the core enters the-solenoid,the range uring terminals used to the size of 'shaft're.

quired, so that the electric contacts will just clear when this size isreached. The rheostat may be operated to bring more pull upon thesolenoid core when the rougher grinding is being done and to bring but aslight pull upon it when nearly to size, setting the gage twice ifdesired, the first setting representing the size to which the roughgrinding is to be carried and the final set ting representing thefinished size.

The grinding will continue until the size to which the gage is set hasbeen reached, independently of errors in the setting of the shaft, suchas setting it at an angle to the true axis of the machine, and all othererchines. The gage must be set accurately and must measure the portionof the shaft at which the wheel is cutting to the smallest diameter. Solong as these two requirements are met myinvention is substantially foolproof.

In the form shown in Figs. 5 to 8.1 have shown my invention applied to astraight internal grinder. The .bed 1' is'here pro.- vided withlongitudinal guides'2, 2, for a carriage 3'. The live head place is heretaken by a chuck 56, driven .by any suitable pulley, and theplace of thedead center is taken by'steady rest 57 clamped at 58.

The grinding wheel, gageand contact mechanism are all supported upon thecar-- riage and moved bodily as the Wheel and rors, inaccuracies andmachine troubles. which have given trouble 1n prev1ous ma- 85 thestrength of the spring All of these gage enter the cylinder or otherwork" 59.

a at any desired point and the electrical con-.

The transverse feeds of the wheel and gage are separate, in'order topermit the wheel to be separately advanced without disturbing thesetting of the gage andto provide for initial setting of the same.

The Wheel carriage is movable upon undercut guides 15 and is advancedposi'- tively by ear 21 connected with nut 22 with which screw 23engages. The screw turns in a bracket 24 which prevents longi-' tudinal'movement by the usual collar construction. The base 60" has a littlelost movement with respect to the ear, permitting the base to advance alittle in a trans-- verse direction ahead of the positive feed, but thelost motion is taken up when the electromagnet is not working by thespring 16. It is shown in Fig. 6 as pulled away by the electromagnet 47'acting upon armature 61. I have chosen the armature form here toindicate that either the magnet and armature of this form or thesolenoid andcore may be used, the solenoid being the better because moreuniform;

The magnet is supported by an arm 52'- and its armature is connectedwith the standards for the wheel upon base 60, for

the advance of the Wheel against the spring 16 and in advance of thepositive feed.

Guides 62 receive the base 63 upon which the gage structure is supportedthrough arm (34. The feed for this base is shown in the screw 65, thethrust of Whose collared shaft 66 is taken by bracket 67. .The arm 64 isprovided with bearings 68 and 69 for the arms 70 and 71 which arepressed outwardly at their inner ends by reason of the tension spring 72between their outer ends.

The inner ends of the gage carry points, rather than surfaces here, ofsuitable hard or hardened material and are set to the required diameterat the time that the adjust- .able contact 73, supported fromone of themby a bracket 74, just touches the other arm. The contact 73 is insulatedfrom the collar nections from the battery 45, rheostat 44 andelectromagnet 47. are passed through the contact 73 and the arm withwhich it engages, obtaining the same automatic control of the electricfeed of the grinding wheel to hold it to its work until the requireddiameter has been reached as is obtained with the first form.

In operatin the second form the rough grinding may b v begin automaticcontrol of the grinding the gage is set to the required size, fromcalipers, another gage or a portion previously ground, for example,making sure that the points of the gage are set for diametricallyopposite positions in the Work, and the adjustable contact is set tomake contact with the conhe wished to e done before the gage is set. ifdesired. When it is desired to tiguous arm until the intended diameteris reached. The operation then parallels the operation of the firstform.

I have not considered it necessary to go into the refinements of thevarious parts of the mechanism shown which would be desirable inpractice, such as platinum facings or pins where the current isinterrupted, using a relay where the current which the designer desiredto use proved in excess of that which pass through the contact selected,protectin the adjustment of the contacts from accidental movement,special bearings for the gage arms, micrometer adjustment for thecontacts and many other features which do. not affect the principle ofthe invention and upon whosedesirability in a general way designersmight agree quite as fully as'they disagreed in regard to the exact formto be adopted. Reasonable space here does not permit more than aconventional showing of these various parts of mechanical and electricalconstruction which workautomatically as indicated by' the gage. I

In Fig. 9 I show the clutch, or chuck 56, hearing, driving pulley andball race clutched to a ball race grinder. This is characterized by thefact that the parts are mounted upon pivot 75 directly under the center.of the arc of the race where the grinding wheel is in operation,requiring that the gage shall be supported upon the parts whichoscillate about the pivot during the grinding. They do not, however,revolve with the work. The points are set to the desired diameterand areplaced at the centers, respectively, of the longitudinal arcs onopposite sides of the axis of the ball race. I have designated two suchpoints at 76 and 77. In view of the full discussion of the internalgrinder in connection with my' second form I regardfurther explanationof the mounting, of the gage upon oscillating but not rotating parts ofthe figure and the application of the current closed to elecgiven by me,to external surfaces in which the work is oscillated to give concaveefi'ects,

parallelling the operation of Fig. 9, and to any form in which a'masterform is used and in which the gage can be rested upon the master form torelease when the size has been reached and it is desired to release thegrinding operation. It is my purpose to claim broadly all constructionswhere the 130- Cal is the best mode of practising the invention 10 knownto me, but may be produced in other ways and released in any appropriateway by reason of the movement of the gage to its releasing position,permitted by the grinding away of the work.

' It will be evident that 'my invention is related to another inventionmade by me while making the present namely, the process of grindingdisclosed herein with the various sub-processes, by which thegrindingoperation is not only released by work-operated measuringmeansbut is,.in this preferred electrical embodiment, automatically set bythis work-operated means.

It will be evident that the character of follow-up feed applied, whetherit is separately set initially or set automatically by the work-operatedgage, the character of the work-operated release adapted to the feed,etc., will vary greatly, within the spirit and scope of my invention,according to the particular service to be performed, ability, experienceand preference of the designer, the character of other machinery madeand other factors too numerous to mention.

It will be noted that applicants resilient feed by means of theelectromagnet is additional to the positive feed and draws the grinderwheel toward the work in ad vance of the position which would berequired by the positive feed. The two feeds are therefore, cumulative.

Applicants invention is safe-guarded by the fact that it is applied bythe electric current and maintained so long only as the .electriccurrent flows. As distinguished from a feed cut off by the electriccurrent, this arrangement avoids injury to the article ground, in caseof failure of the electric current.

Having thus described my invention,

what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is v 1. In adevice of the character stated, a grinder having means for holding thework to be round, atransversely movable grinding wheel, guides for twocumulative transverse feeds of arate means for transversely feeding thewheel on one of the guides and giving relative longitudinal feed to thework and wheel, one with respect to the other in combination with ientlythe other guide in advance of the first invention,

' the circuit for pulling the wheel along the the grinding wheel andsepa gage in contact with. the. work, contactsmaintained by the gageuntil thework has been ground to the required size and electromagneticmeans for resildrawing the wheel transversely upon named transverse feedand having its circuit closed by said contacts.

2. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having normallongitudinal feed for the work with respect to the grinding wheel, twosets of guides for transverse feed of the wheel and a positivetransverse feed for the wheel upon one set of guides, a gage in contactwith the work being ground, contacts closed by the operation of the gageuntil the required size of the work has been reached, an electriccircuit closed by the contacts, resilient means for holding the wheel inengagement with the positive feed and electromagnetic meansconnectedwith second. set of guides in advance of the forced feed against saidresilient means.-

3. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having lost motionbetween its grinding wheel and the transverse positive feed for thewheel and a resilient device adapted to draw the wheel toward the feed,taking up the lostmotion, in combination i with a gage resting againstthe work being ground, a circuit closed by the'gage and anelectromagnetin the circuit and connections adapted to move the wheel against thework overcoming the pull of the resilient device. j

-l. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having a positivefeed for the grinding wheel, an electromagnetic resilient feed for thewheel adapted to press it against the work in advance,'in a trans--verse direction, of the positive feed and 11 work-operated automaticmeans for applying the automatic feed.

5. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having a positive feedfor the grinding wheel, an electromagnetic resilient feed for the wheeladapted to press it against the work in advance, in a transversedirection, of the positive feed, resilient means for pulling the wheelback from the work, opposing the electromagnetic feed and work-operatedautomatic means for applyingthe automatic feed. 1

6. In a device of the character stated, a

grinder having a positive transverse feed for tive feed, arelativelyfixed electromagnet, paramagnetic material connected with thewheel and within the range of attraction of the electromagnet, anelectromagnet circuit, relatively movable contacts in the circuit and apair of gage arms resting against the work being ground and adapted tomake and break the contacts according to the extent of grinding.

8. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having a positivetransverse feed and a lost motion feed for the grinder wheel, a springtaking up the lost motion, a solenoid. core connected with the wheel, asolenoid surrounding the core and adapted normally to pull the wheel inadvance of the positive feed, an electric circuit for the solenoid, apair of arms gaging the work being ground, and a contact made and brokenby the movement of the arms.

9. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having a yieldingtransverse feed normally holding the grinding wheel against the work incombination with a work-engaging device for releasing the yielding feedwhen the predetermined diameter of the work has been reached.

10. In a device of the character stated, a bed, work holding. androtating devices, a grinding wheel, means for supporting and rotatingthe wheel, a positive transverse feed for the wheel and an electromagnetand paramagnetic material attracted by it connected with the bed andWheel support, respectively, to feed the support resiliently in advanceof the positive feed.

11. In a device of the character stated, a

.bed, rotatable supporting means for the shaft being ground, a grindingwheel and support therefor, guides directing longitudinal movement ofthe shaft with respect to the wheel, a positive feed for the wheeltransverse to the shaft, calipers for the shaft engaging it in thesection being ground by the wheel and maintained in this relation to thewheel, transverse adjustment for the calipers, a resilient feed for thewheel normally holding it transversely in advance of the positive feedand a release for the resilient feed carried by the calipers.

12. In a grinding machine, work supporting and rotating devices, agrinding wheel and support therefor, resilient means normally pressingthe wheel against the work, a release for the feed and work-caliperingoperating means for the release.

13. In a grinding machine, work supporting and rotating devices, agrinding wheel and support therefor, means for giving the work and wheelrelative movement longitudinally of the machine,-a work-caliperingdevice and resilient means normally pressing one of the'last twoelements being directly connected with the wheel support and the otherfixed with respect to the frame of the machine against transversemovement so that attraction between them causes resilient pressure ofthe wheel toward the Work, an electric circuit for the electromagnet andwork-controlled means for normally maintaining the circuit closed.

'16. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having a positivetransverse feed and a lost motion feed for the grinder wheel, a springtaking up the lost motion, a solenoid core connected with the wheel, asolenoid surrounding the core and adapted normally to pull the wheel inadvance of the positive feed, an electric circuit-for the solenoidandwork-controlled means for opening said,.circuit when the work reaches apredetermined size.

17. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having two cumulativetransverse feeds, one of them resilient, in combination with an electriccircuit maintaining the resilient feed in operation and a work-calipering device closing the circuit when the work is over size andinterrupting the circuit when the work reaches size.

18. In a device of the character stated, a grinder having two transversefeedsfor the grinding wheel, one of them resilient, in

combination with an electromagnet con-

